Game theory focuses on decision making involving
participants, competitors, or other indiviudals in industries or markets for
the best decision makeing, rather than making a decision in isolation. The Nash
equilibrium helps economists understand how decisions that are good for the
individual can be terrible for the group. Also, every person in a group makes
the best decision for herself, based on what she thinks the others will do. And
no-one can do better by changing strategy: every member of the group is doing
as well as they possibly can. An example I came across in business is with two
different companies competing. There is Company A and Company B and both
companies want to determine whether they should launch a new advertising
campaign for their products. If both companies start advertising, each company
will attract 100 new customers. If only one company decides to advertise, it
will attract 200 new customers, while the other company will not attract any
new customers. If both companies decide not to advertise, none of the companies
will engage new customers. Company A should advertise its products because the
strategy provides a better payoff than the option of not advertising. The same
situation exists for Company B. Thus, the scenario when both companies
advertise their products is a Nash equilibrium.
Offer a reverse scenario?
Nash equilibrium is one of the fundamental concept of game
theory, discovered by American mathematician John Nash.
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